In the assembly process of electronic components, industrial gases play a crucial role in multiple key links, significantly enhancing product quality and extending product service life. The following are several main ways to improve the assembly quality of electronic components by using industrial gases:

1.Shielding gas during the welding process

Nitrogen (N₂) : Nitrogen is used in processes such as reflow soldering and wave soldering to provide a protective atmosphere and prevent oxidation at the solder joints. Oxidation can cause unstable solder joints and make them prone to welding defects, such as voids and pores in the solder joints. The use of nitrogen can reduce the defect rate in welding, enhance the strength and reliability of weld joints.

Argon (Ar) : In the welding of high-precision components, argon, due to its more stable inertness, is used to protect the welding points and ensure their purity, making it suitable for extremely demanding precision electronic equipment.

2. Cleaning and de-gumming

Ozone (O₃) : Due to its strong oxidizing property, ozone can be used to remove organic residues and adhesives from the surface of electronic components. Ozone gas has a high cleaning efficiency and causes little damage to fine structures. It is especially suitable for the cleaning treatment of microelectronic components, effectively removing residues and enhancing cleanliness.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) : Carbon dioxide gas cleaning is an environmentally friendly cleaning method that can remove tiny impurities without causing damage to sensitive components. CO₂ dry ice cleaning is suitable for components with relatively fragile surfaces without leaving any liquid residue.

3. Leakage detection

Helium (He) : In the packaging of electronic components and the assembly of components with high requirements for airtightness, helium is used as a leakage detection gas. Helium molecules are small and have strong permeability. By detecting trace helium leakage, the airtightness of components can be evaluated to ensure the sealing performance of the package and thereby enhance the reliability of the product.

4. Cooling and temperature control

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) : In high-temperature welding or the processing of thermosensitive components, carbon dioxide is used for rapid cooling, effectively controlling temperature rise and preventing components from overheating

5. Deoxidation and reduction treatment

Hydrogen (H₂) : In the manufacturing process of some electronic components, hydrogen combines with inert gases such as nitrogen as a reducing atmosphere to remove oxides. Reducing atmosphere can restore the surface cleanliness of components, improve electrical conductivity, and prevent oxidation during some metal welding and high-temperature treatment processes, ensuring the high quality of components. 

6. Protection and Storage

Nitrogen (N₂) : During the storage of high-end electronic components, nitrogen is used to isolate oxygen and moisture, preventing the components from oxidation and corrosion during storage. The quality of the components is guaranteed during storage and transportation through nitrogen protection.

7. Surface treatment and etching

In microelectronics manufacturing and semiconductor processes, industrial gases such as oxygen (O₂) and fluoride gases are used in surface treatment and etching processes. Oxygen is used for plasma cleaning, while fluoride is used for fine etching to achieve high-precision circuit pattern generation.

Industrial gases not only enhance the quality of soldering and packaging during the assembly of electronic components, but also protect the products from oxidation and contamination, ensuring the stability of the components throughout the entire production process. The effective utilization of these gases can not only significantly enhance product quality but also meet the strict requirements of the electronics industry for product lifespan and reliability.

1. Anti-Oxidation and Reduced Losses

Nitrogen protection effectively prevents oxidation and reduces dross. Nitrogen is an inert gas that effectively inhibits oxidation reactions during the soldering process. During wave soldering, the solder wets the pads on the PCB. Nitrogen protection reduces the oxygen content in the soldering area, minimizing the possibility of oxidation and thus improving soldering quality.

2. Improved Quality and Reduced Defects

Nitrogen reduces the formation of pores and bubbles during soldering, thereby reducing the risk of solder defects and enhancing the reliability and durability of soldered connections. By isolating oxygen and moisture, it reduces the rate of defective solder joints, such as cold solder joints. Furthermore, nitrogen, with its low thermal conductivity, lowers operating temperatures, reduces heat loss, improves soldering efficiency and product consistency, and inhibits the formation of voids and bubbles, ensuring a dense solder joint.

Principle of Nitrogen Protection:

Selective wave soldering with nitrogen filling typically utilizes gas diffusion technology. This involves injecting nitrogen into the solder pool, evenly dispersing it across the wave surface to achieve inert gas protection.

The supply methods of laboratory gases are diverse. Depending on the laboratory's requirements and the nature of the experiments, different supply methods can be chosen. The following are some common laboratory gas supply methods, the applicable gases, and their usage scenarios: 

Gas cylinder supply: Gases are usually stored in cylinders at high pressure. Laboratories can use appropriate pressure regulators and piping systems to introduce the gases into laboratory equipment. 

Applicable gases: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, methane, etc. 

Application scenarios: It is commonly used in general laboratory work, such as atmosphere control, gas reactions, gas chromatography analysis, etc. 

2. Liquid gas supply: Some gases are supplied in liquid form, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and liquid argon. Laboratories use liquid gas separators and storage tanks to handle these liquid gases. 

Applicable gases: liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, etc. 

Application scenarios: It is used for low-temperature experiments, cryopreservation of samples, liquid chromatography analysis, etc. 

3. Gas Generator: A gas generator can produce specific gases in the laboratory without the need for gas cylinders. This is very useful for laboratories that require small amounts of gases with relatively low purity. 

Applicable gases: hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. 

Application scenario: Gas supply experiments, such as hydrogen generators used in hydrogen atmosphere experiments. 

4. Gas pipeline system: Large laboratories or research institutions can establish a gas pipeline system to transport gases from a central supply source to various laboratories or equipment. 

Applicable gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc. 

Application scenario: Large-scale laboratories or research institutions, providing gases for multiple laboratories to reduce the use of gas cylinders. 

5. Supply of liquefied gases: Some laboratories require large amounts of gases and can opt for a liquefied gas supply system, which typically involves compressing and liquefying the gases and then transporting them to the laboratory through pipelines. 

Applicable gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc. 

Application scenarios: Experiments requiring large amounts of gas, such as mass spectrometry, low-temperature reactions, etc. 

6. Gas Supply Contracts: Some laboratories opt to sign supply contracts with gas supply companies, which regularly provide the required gases and are responsible for the maintenance and replacement of gas cylinders. 

Applicable gases: According to requirements, it can include various gases. 

Application scenario: Signing a contract with a gas supply company to provide gas on demand and at regular intervals, suitable for large research institutions and laboratories. 

7. Gas Cabinet: Gas cabinets are typically used for storing and dispensing small gas cylinders, providing a safe environment for the storage and distribution of gases. 

Applicable gases: Small gas cylinders, such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc. 

Application scenario: A safe environment for storing and distributing small gas cylinders, such as in teaching laboratories. 

8. Liquefied gas vehicle supply: Liquefied gas supply can be delivered to laboratories or sites by special liquid gas vehicles, which is typically used for mobile laboratories or situations where liquefied gas needs to be supplied at different locations. 

Applicable gases: liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, etc. 

Application scenarios: mobile laboratories or situations where liquefied gases need to be supplied at different locations. 

The selection of an appropriate gas supply method depends on the laboratory's requirements, the nature of the experiments, the budget and safety requirements. Different gas supply methods have their unique advantages and limitations, so various factors need to be comprehensively considered when making a choice. Ensure compliance with safety regulations and conduct regular maintenance and inspections of gas cylinders and equipment to ensure that the gas supply in the laboratory is safe and reliable.

In the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, the correct storage and effective transportation of gases are key links to ensure smooth, safe and efficient production processes. These gases are not only crucial for various production processes and laboratory operations, but also their handling methods directly affect product quality and the safety of the working environment. Therefore, adopting appropriate technologies and methods to maintain the stability and safety of gases during storage and transportation is an important task that cannot be ignored within the industry.

In the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, the storage and transportation of gases is a crucial link, ensuring the safe, stable and efficient supply of gases required in the production process. Due to the fact that different gases may be flammable, corrosive or need to be stored under specific conditions, adopting appropriate storage and transportation systems is crucial for maintaining the continuity of the entire production process and quality control.

Gas storage

Compressed gas storage tank

Most industrial gases (such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide) are stored in high-pressure gas cylinders in a compressed state. These gas cylinders must meet strict safety standards and be inspected and maintained regularly.

2. Liquid gas storage tanks

Cryogenic liquefied gases (such as liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen) need to be stored in specially designed tanks that maintain extremely low temperatures to preserve their liquid form and prevent vaporization.

3. Volume tank

For gases used on a large scale, such as nitrogen in pharmaceutical factories, large volume tanks are often used for storage to facilitate large-scale use. 

Gas transportation

1. Piping system

Inside production facilities, gases are usually transported through dedicated pipeline systems, which must be made of anti-corrosion materials and ensure tightness without leakage to prevent gas waste or dangerous accidents.

2. Mobile tank truck

For cases where liquid gases cannot be transported through fixed pipelines, they can be transported by dedicated tank trucks. This method is often used for gas transportation across factories or over long distances.

3. Control system

An accurate flow control and monitoring system is crucial for ensuring the stability and efficiency of the gas transportation process. The automated control system can precisely adjust the flow rate and pressure of the gas, while monitoring the operating status of the system in real time.

Safety measures

Regular inspection: Regularly conduct pressure tests and inspections on storage and conveying equipment to ensure there is no leakage or wear and tear.

Safety training: Provide necessary safety training to operators to ensure they understand the characteristics of various gases and the correct methods for dealing with emergencies such as leaks.

Emergency response plan: Develop a detailed emergency response plan, including emergency system shut-off and evacuation procedures, to deal with possible gas leakage or other dangerous situations.

Through the above-mentioned storage and transportation methods, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries can ensure that various gases used in the production process are safely and efficiently managed and applied. 

Photovoltaic power generation is a renewable energy technology that converts solar energy into electricity. In the process of photovoltaic power generation, no chemical reactions involving gases are involved, so there is no need to use gases to generate electricity. The basic components of a photovoltaic power generation system include solar panels, inverters and batteries, etc., which usually do not involve the use of gas.

However, it should be noted that during the manufacturing and maintenance of photovoltaic power generation systems, some gases may be involved. The following are the possible situations involving gases related to photovoltaic power generation:

1. Gas used in the manufacturing of solar cells:

During the manufacturing process of solar panels, thin-film deposition or other processing steps are usually carried out at high temperatures. These steps may require inert gases such as nitrogen or argon to maintain a high-temperature environment and ensure the purity of the material.

Inert gas selection

Inert gases such as nitrogen and argon are typically used in the high-temperature environment maintenance and material handling during the manufacturing process of solar panels. The choice of which gas to use usually depends on the process requirements and material properties. Nitrogen is usually used to prevent oxygen contamination, while argon is typically used to provide a stable atmosphere at high temperatures.

2. Gas used in battery manufacturing:

Some photovoltaic power generation systems include energy storage batteries, which typically use liquid electrolytes that contain some gases dissolved in the solution. For instance, the electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries can contain a small amount of gases, such as fluorocarbons.

Selection of dissolved gases

If it involves battery manufacturing or battery electrolytes, it is usually necessary to dissolve some gases in the electrolyte. These gases are usually essential for specific battery chemical reactions. For instance, in lithium-ion batteries, gases such as fluorocarbons may be used to maintain battery performance.

3. Gas is used for maintenance and cooling

Photovoltaic cell modules and inverters may require regular maintenance, and maintenance personnel may need to use gas to clean or cool the equipment.

Selection of cleaning and cooling gases:

For maintenance and cooling processes, the choice of gas depends on the required temperature and cleanliness. Some maintenance work may require the use of gas to blow and clean the surface of the solar panels or inverters, while others may need to use gas to cool the equipment. When choosing gases, temperature requirements, costs and special requirements related to the process need to be taken into consideration.

It should be emphasized that the use of these gases is not directly related to the power generation process of photovoltaic cells, but rather to manufacturing, maintenance and related industrial processes. Photovoltaic power generation itself is a clean way of generating electricity that does not produce gas emissions, so it does not involve the use of gas during operation. When choosing the gases used in the photovoltaic power generation process, a detailed analysis of process engineering and equipment design is usually required to ensure that the selected gases meet safety, environmental protection and efficiency requirements. In addition, compliance and regulatory requirements may also have an impact on the selection of gases. Therefore, it is best to consult professional engineers and relevant experts to formulate the best gas selection plan.

What is packaging gas?

Air contains approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and varying amounts of moisture. When foods like potato chips are exposed to the air, they absorb moisture and quickly become stale and damp. Oxygen in the atmosphere can also react with unsaturated fatty acids in food, thus generating an oily smell. Therefore, how to maintain ideal quality and extend the shelf life of food has always been a difficult problem faced by food manufacturers.

One effective solution is to use packaging gas. Packaging gases are the gases injected into the packaging of food before, during or after it is bagged to prevent oxidation or deterioration. Examples include nitrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Nitrogen has been used as a packaging gas for a long time and is widely applied in various foods, including snacks, breakfast cereals, candies, baked goods, dried fruits, dried vegetables and processed meat products.

The uses of nitrogen are not limited to packaging gas

The application of nitrogen has expanded to the beer brewing industry and the coffee industry. The industry injects nitrogen into beer or cold-brewed coffee to create "nitrogen beer" or "nitrogen coffee", making the taste of the finished products richer and smoother.

What is the principle of using nitrogen as a packaging gas?

Unlike the air you breathe every minute and every second, the nitrogen used in food packaging contains only a very low amount of oxygen and moisture. Nitrogen is an inert gas (that is, it does not react with any component of food), odorless and tasteless. When nitrogen is injected into the packaging, oxygen and any existing moisture will be expelled. By altering the air composition inside the packaging, food packaging that uses nitrogen can maintain quality, slow down food spoilage and extend the shelf life of the product. 

Nitrogen can also cause the packaging to expand, which can protect the fragile food inside from being crushed during handling. However, the amount of nitrogen used should be sufficient to provide protection and should not be excessive, so that there is extra room for expansion when the pressure changes during transportation and storage.